Organic Africa

161. Marketing and organic certification

Marketing and organic certification of banana production Most banana production in sub-Saharan Africa is consumed domestically within production locations and urban areas. Some bananas are exported a

162. Increasing returns from banana production

Increasing returns from banana production Although banana production in most areas in Africa targets household food security, banana production can also be made more commercially beneficial to the fa

163. Introduction

Introduction Banana (Musa species) is a very important crop in sub-Saharan Africa, especially Eastern Africa, where besides consumption as food, bananas have cultural and medicinal values. There are

164. Appropriate stocking of the pond

Appropriate stocking of the pond Depending on the available feeding resources, 2 to 4 fish per m² of pond area are appropriate with a sex ratio of one male per 4 to 5 females. The male fish should we

165. Propagation and fingerling production

Propagation and fingerling production Tilapia fish breed very easily in breeding ponds. Adult fish will begin mating soon after they are released into ponds, provided that the water temperature is be

166. Monitoring water quality

Monitoring water quality Regular monitoring of the water quality is important to ensure ideal living conditions for the fish. Turbidity of the pond water - This gives information about its nutrient

167. Harvesting and handling of the fish

Harvesting and handling of the fish When harvesting fish, we always must keep in mind that they are—like all other vertebrates—animals that experience pain and fear if they are mistreated. Thus the f

168. Marketing and organic certification of fish production

Marketing and organic certification of fish production If a farmer intends to sell his fish on a local, regional, national or international market as ‘organically certified’, he must fulfil all requi

169. Imprint

Imprint Publisher: FiBL, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Switzerland, www.fibl.org Collaboration: IFOAM, International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements, Germany, www.ifoam

170. Improving returns from cotton production

Improving returns from cotton production Cotton under organic production is always included in a diversification strategy and monoculture production is never considered. To get a better income, farme